Effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang on Expression of Gal-3 in Rats After Myocardial Infarction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang（GXBT） on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rats after myocardial infarction. Method:The 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, sham group and surgical group, and 6 males in blank group and sham operation group. The model of phlegm obstruction in myocardial infarction of rats was replicated by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery and high fat diet, and the successful rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: model group, GXBT group and acertil group. In the sham group, only the threading was not ligated. The blank group and the sham group and the model group were given 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 of normal saline, and 2.68 g·kg-1·d-1 of the GXBT group were given intragastric administration，and 0.36 mg·kg-1·d-1 was given intragastrically in acertil group. After 4 weeks of model, the heart function was detected by heart ultrasound to verify the success of the model. After 8 weeks, the heart function of the heart of the rat was detected by heart ultrasound again, and then the samples were sacrificed. The pathological changes of the myocardial cells of the rats were observed with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining， and the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the rats was observed by Masson staining. The changes of serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in rat serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） method, and the expression of Gal-3, Collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and Collagen Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) was detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with blank group and sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and short-axis shortening rate (FS) of model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01)， the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the increase of the myocardial collagen fibers, the contents of BNP and Gal-3 in the serum were increased (P<0.05). The expression of Gal-3,Col-Ⅰ and Col-Ⅲ in the myocardial tissue increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, EF and FS of GXPD were significantly increased (P<0.05), the morphological structure of myocardial cells was improved, the collagen fiber was decreased. The expression of BNP and Gal-3 in serum decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of Gal-3, Col-Ⅰ and Col-Ⅲ in myocardial tissue was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion:Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang can improve cardiac function, reduce myocardial fibrosis and slow down the process of heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats with myocardial infarction. Its mechanism may be related to the decrease of Gal-3 expression.

Effect of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes on Huntington's Disease Phenotypes in a Han Chinese Population / 神经科学通报·英文版

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant degenerative disease that mainly encompasses movement, cognition, and behavioral symptoms. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is thought to be associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we enrolled a cohort of 223 unrelated Han Chinese patients with HD and 1241 unrelated healthy controls in Southeastern China and analyzed the correlation between APOE genotypes and HD phenotypes. The results showed that the frequency of the E4 allele (7.1%) in HD patients was statistically less than that in controls (12.0%) (P =0.004). In addition, we divided patients into motor-onset and non-motor-onset groups, and analyzed the relationship with APOE genotypes. The results, however, were negative. Furthermore, the age at onset (AAO), defined as the age at the onset of motor symptoms, was compared in each APOE genotype subgroup and multivariate regression analysis was used to exclude the interference of CAG repeat length on AAO, but no association was found between APOE genotypes and AAO. Finally, we analyzed adult-onset HD to exclude the interference caused by juvenile HD (n = 13), and the results were negative. Therefore, our study suggests that APOE may not be a genetic modifier for HD, especially for adult-onset HD among Chinese of Han ethnicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the correlation between APOE genotypes and HD phenotypes in a Han Chinese population.

Identification and analysis of NAC family in ginger(Zingiber officinale) based on RNA-seq data / 中国中药杂志

The NAC family is an important transcription factor which regulate plant growth and development， signal transduction， and stress response.In this study， the protein identification， subfamily classification， the determination of physical and chemical properties， protein structure， and expression pattern of NAC family were performed using bioinformatic methods based on the RNA-seq data of ginger. The results showed that a total of 72 NAC transcription factors were identified in 271.1 Mb total nucleotides， and they could be clustered into 13 subfamilies according to the phylogenetic tree.The physical and chemical properties， structure analysis revealed that the amino acid number and isoelectric point were different among 13 NAC subfamilies; the secondary structure of NACs transcription factors mainly consist of random coil， and the tertiary structure is similar.In addition，the expression patterns of genes under different soil moisture and Ralstonia solanacearum infection showed that 23 NACs were differentially expressed， which were mainly distributed in Ⅷ，Ⅶ， and ⅩⅤ subfamilies related to plant senescence， hormone metabolism and cell wall metabolism.The results provide some valuable information for the research and development of NAC transcription factors in ginger.

Association of SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 genetic polymorphisms with hypouricemia in Ningxia population / 基础医学与临床

Objective To study the relationship among rs505802 in SLC22A12,rs6855911,rs737267,rs12498742, rs7442295, rs734553, rs16890979 in SLC2A9 genetic polymorphisms and hypouricemia in Ningxia.Methods 6 056 subjects were collected by multistage,stratified random cluster sampling method in October and November in 2011 in Ningxia Hui autonomous region, 98 subjects with hypouricemia were selected.According to gender and age,84 controls were selected.Physical examination and laboratory biochemical index test were conducted for the study population.T test was used to compare general clinical data and biochemical indexs between two groups. SNPs were detected by Sequenom Mass ARRAY technology.By x2test,we compared the frequencies of the geno-type and allele in each group.Samples representativeness was confirmed through the Hardy-Weinberg inspection. Results The levels of TC, LDLC, and Cr in the patients were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the distribution of A,G allele frequencies of SLC2A9 gene rs7442295 between two groups.The risk of hypouricemia in patients with A/A genotype was lower than that of A/G genotype(Pc<0.05),indicating that A>G mutation was associated with hypouricemia.Conclusions Polymorphisms of SLC2A9 gene rs7442295 are significantly correlated with hyporuricemia in Ningxia.

Perioperative Changes of Serum Biochemical Markers in Patients with PCI / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the perioperative changes of h-FABP,IMA,IL-2R,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α and MPO in patients with PCI.Methods The serial serum samples from 34 patients were collected from November of 2011 to February of 2012 in coronary care unit of Peking Union Hospital on separately 2,4,8 and 24 hours after PCI,then IL2R,IL6,IL8,TNF-α,h-FABP,IMA and MPO were measured.Results MPO,h-FABP and CKMB increased dramatically at 2 hours after PCI(Z value were separately-3.621,-5.123 and-2.789 compared with the level at 2 h and 24 h,all P＜ 0.05),and h-FABP within 24 hours fell into the normal range.MPO dropped quickly after 4 hours of surgery and CKMB peaked at 4 hours,then decreased.The concentration of CK and cTnⅠ rose up at 4h (Z value were separately-2.803 and-2.31 compared with the level at 2h and 24 h,all P＜0.05) and declined with a climax at 8h after PCI.The correlation coefficient of CKMB and CK with cTnⅠ were higher than 0.6.Conclusion This study provided an overview of the change of multi-biomarkers following PCI,which gave a valuable information for clinical treatment.

Characteristics of Agraphia in Chinese Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifest progressive decline in writing abilities. Most studies on agraphia in AD have been performed in the alphabetic system, such as English. However, these findings may not be applicable to other written language systems. The unique features of the Chinese written script could affect the patterns of agraphia in Chinese AD patients. The aim of this study was to explore the features of writing errors in Chinese patients with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI), as well as to study the relationship between their writing errors and neuropsychological functions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, we performed an observational study in a group of subjects including 17 AD patients, 14 patients with a-MCI, and 16 elderly healthy controls. We analyzed the writing errors in these subjects and also studied the relationship between their writing errors and neuropsychological functions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our study showed that in patients whose mother tongue is Chinese, writing ability was comparatively well preserved in the MCI phase but significantly impaired when the disease progressed to the stage of AD. The writing errors showed corresponding increase with the severity of cognition decline, both in the types of errors and rate of occurrence. Analysis of the writing errors showed that word substitution and unintelligible words were the most frequent error types that occurred in all the three study groups. The occurrence rate of unintelligible words was significantly higher in the AD group compared with the a-MCI group (P = 0.024) and control group (P = 0.018). In addition, the occurrence rates of word substitution were also significantly higher in AD (P = 0.013) and a-MCI groups (P = 0.037) than that of control group. However, errors such as totally no response, visuospatial impairment, paragraph agraphia, ideograph, and perseverative writing errors were only seen in AD group. Besides, we also found a high occurrence rate of visuoconstructional errors (13.3%) in our AD group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our study confirmed that agraphia is an important feature in patients with AD. The writing error profile in patients whose native language is Chinese was unique compared to patients using the alphabetic language system.</p>

Pharmacodynamics of Danshen co-microemulsion in treatment of experimental acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the effects of Danshen co-microemulsion (Co-ME) in treatment of acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats. Methods The experimental model of myocardial ischemia was produced by injecting pituitrin into the sublingual vein of rats. The serum level of malonaldehyde(MDA) and the activities of phosphocreatine kinase (PCK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocupnin (SOD) were examined in Co-ME, salvianolic acid microemulsíon, tanshinone microemulsion, tanshinones suspension and blank microemulsion groups 30 min after injection of pituitrin. Results Co-ME, tanshinone microemulsion, salvianolic acíd microemulsion and tanshinone suspension all improved myocardial eschemia to some extent; besides, they also decreased PCK, LDH activities and MDA content, and increased SOD activity. The therapeutic effect of Co-ME group was superior to those for the tanshinone microemulsíon and salvianolic acid microemulsion groups, and significantly better than that of tanshinone suspension group (P<0.05). Conclusion Microemulsion system can greatly promote the absorbance and bíoavailability of tanshinone, dísplaying a therapeutic effect for acute myocardial íschemia. Salvianolic acids combined with tanshinones can promote the therapeutic effect.

Pharmacodynamics of Danshen co-microemulsion in treatment of experimental acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the effects of Danshen co-microemulsion (Co-ME) in treatment of acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats. Methods The experimental model of myocardial ischemia was produced by injecting pituitrin into the sublingual vein of rats. The serum level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activities of phosphocreatine kinase (PCK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocuprein (SOD) were examined in Co-ME, salvianolic acid microemulsion, tanshinone microemulsion, tanshinones suspension and blank microemulsion groups 30 min after injection of pituitrin. Results Co-ME, tanshinone microemulsion, salvianolic acid microemulsion and tanshinone suspension all improved myocardial eschemia to some extent; besides, they also decreased PCK, LDH activities and MDA content, and increased SOD activity. The therapeutic effect of Co-ME group was superior to those for the tanshinone microemulsion and salvianolic acid microemulsion groups, and significantly better than that of tanshinone suspension group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Microemulsion system can greatly promote the absorbance and bioavailability of tanshinone, displaying a therapeutic effect for acute myocardial ischemia. Salvianolic acids combined with tanshinones can promote the therapeutic effect.

Preparation of tanshinone microemulsion and its absorption in rat intestine in situ / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare tanshinone microemulsion (Tan-ME) and investigate its properities and the absorption character in rat intestine in situ.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The microemulsions were prepared and characterized using Zetapals Zeta potential/particle size analysis and atomic force microscope. A HPLC method for determination of tanshinone IIA in the intestinal flux was established. RESUILT: The Tan-ME was fine droplet with an average droplet size of (32.25 +/- 6.59) nm. The results of Tan-ME absorption in small intestinal indicated that Tan-ME could improve the absorption of tanshinone IIA in rat small intestine, but the absorption coefficient of Tan-ME, Ka was influenced by the ratio of water-phase in Tan-ME.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tan-ME could improve the absorption of tanshinone IIA in rat small intestine. Thus bioavailability of tanshinone was improved.</p>

Preparation of tanshinone transfersome and its deformability / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare tanshinone transfersome (TTs) and evaluate its deformability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The transfersomes were prepared by film dispersion method followed by sonication, and their physical properties, morphology, content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity, and Zeta potential were investigated. The stability and deformability of TTs were studied. Liposomes with different molar ratios of cholate and lecithin were compared for their permeability under external pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prepared TF were spherical vesicles with content of 1.0192+/-0.075 mg/ml, entrapment efficiency of (62.3+/-0.08)%, particle size of 110 nm, polydispersity of 0.19 and Zate potential of -15.0 mV. The TTs remained stable during light-proof preservation for 3 months at 4 degrees C, and sodium cholate contributed to the flexibility of the lecithin vesicles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TTs prepared by film dispersion method has good entrapment efficiency and stability. The vesicles possess high deformability in relation to the molar ratio of sodium cholate to lecithin and the external pressure.</p>

Application of supercritical solution rapid expansion technology in preparation of fine pharmacal particles / 中国中药杂志

Rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS), a new technology, has been developed in the recent years. Fundamental principle of RESS technology used to prepare fine pharmacal particles was summarized in this paper. A brief review of factors which influenced the process of RESS and application of RESS technology were introduced.